{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "title": "Temporary visa holders in Australia",
  "description": "The standing population of temporary visa holders in Australia, with the categories excluded from the headline figure, and net overseas migration shown alongside for contrast.",
  "url": "https://mindiam.com/figures/temporary-visa-population",
  "dataUrl": "https://mindiam.com/figures/temporary-visa-population/data.json",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Mindiam",
    "url": "https://mindiam.com"
  },
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "lastRevised": "2026-10-03",
  "measures": {
    "allTemporaryVisaHolders": {
      "value": 2878973,
      "unit": "people",
      "measurementType": "stock",
      "asAt": "31 August 2026",
      "description": "All temporary visa holders in Australia on this date, every category."
    },
    "temporaryVisaHoldersExcludingNzVisitorsCrew": {
      "value": 1825403,
      "unit": "people",
      "measurementType": "stock",
      "asAt": "31 August 2026",
      "description": "Temporary visa holders excluding New Zealand citizens, visitors and transiting crew. The headline figure."
    },
    "netOverseasMigration": {
      "value": 292100,
      "unit": "people per year",
      "measurementType": "flow",
      "referencePeriod": "year ending 31 March 2026",
      "description": "Arrivals less departures over twelve months. A FLOW, not a standing population. Not interchangeable with the figures above."
    },
    "fullWorkRights": {
      "value": 542204,
      "unit": "people",
      "measurementType": "stock",
      "asAt": "31 August 2026",
      "description": "Temporary Graduate plus Skilled Employment: the categories carrying full, uncapped work rights."
    }
  },
  "arithmetic": {
    "allTemporary": 2878973,
    "excluded": 1053570,
    "headline": 1825403,
    "check": "2878973 - 1053570 = 1825403"
  },
  "stockToFlowMultiple": 6.25,
  "categories": {
    "counted": [
      {
        "label": "Student",
        "holders": 564029,
        "countedInHeadline": true
      },
      {
        "label": "Bridging",
        "holders": 440571,
        "countedInHeadline": true
      },
      {
        "label": "Temporary Graduate",
        "holders": 272613,
        "countedInHeadline": true
      },
      {
        "label": "Temporary Resident (Skilled Employment)",
        "holders": 269591,
        "countedInHeadline": true
      },
      {
        "label": "Working Holiday Maker",
        "holders": 211390,
        "countedInHeadline": true
      },
      {
        "label": "Temporary Resident (Other Employment)",
        "holders": 59636,
        "countedInHeadline": true
      },
      {
        "label": "Other Temporary",
        "holders": 5986,
        "countedInHeadline": true
      },
      {
        "label": "Temporary Protection",
        "holders": 1587,
        "countedInHeadline": true
      }
    ],
    "excluded": [
      {
        "label": "Special Category (NZ citizens)",
        "holders": 732887,
        "countedInHeadline": false
      },
      {
        "label": "Visitor",
        "holders": 308097,
        "countedInHeadline": false
      },
      {
        "label": "Crew and Transit",
        "holders": 12586,
        "countedInHeadline": false
      }
    ]
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Temporary visa holders in Australia",
      "publisher": "Department of Home Affairs",
      "url": "https://data.gov.au/data/dataset/temporary-entrants-visa-holders",
      "note": "BP0019, as at 31 August 2026. The Applicant Type filter is set to \"(All)\", so dependants are counted rather than primary applicants only."
    },
    {
      "title": "National, state and territory population",
      "publisher": "Australian Bureau of Statistics",
      "url": "https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/latest-release",
      "note": "Net overseas migration, year ending 31 March 2026. A flow, not a standing population."
    },
    {
      "title": "Overseas Migration",
      "publisher": "Australian Bureau of Statistics",
      "url": "https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/overseas-migration/latest-release",
      "note": "2024-25 release, years ending 30 June: 207,910 (2021-22), 538,340 (2022-23), 429,160 (2023-24), 305,570 (2024-25)."
    },
    {
      "title": "Citizenship statistics",
      "publisher": "New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs",
      "url": "https://www.dia.govt.nz/Services-Citizenship-Citizenship-Statistics",
      "note": "New citizens by grant, by country of birth. 2024: 39,914 grants in total, of which India 5,777, South Africa 4,132, Philippines 3,920."
    },
    {
      "title": "New Zealanders in Australia, Insights 25/3",
      "publisher": "ANU Migration Hub",
      "url": "https://migration.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/2025-11/New%20Zealanders%20in%20Australia%20Report%20.pdf",
      "note": "2021 Census adjusted to the Estimated Resident Population. Estimates 141,000 Special Category visa holders born outside New Zealand to parents also born outside New Zealand."
    },
    {
      "title": "International migration",
      "publisher": "Stats NZ",
      "url": "https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/international-migration-september-2025/",
      "note": "35 per cent of New Zealand citizens who migrated to Australia in 2024 were born overseas, against about 29 per cent of New Zealand's resident population."
    }
  ],
  "revisions": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-03",
      "note": "Page created. Figures as at 31 August 2026 from BP0019, with net overseas migration for the year ending 31 March 2026."
    }
  ]
}